Cylinder head for internal combustion motors



JuKe so, 1931.

F2. FRIEDL CYLINDER HEAD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTORS Original Filed g- 30, 1927 H August 27,'1929 :35 I :a 1 cylinder head "embodying the preferred panying drawings,: indicates'a cylinder of p p I p the-outer'walljof the cylinder heads At its Patented June 30, "1931 i ,HRALPH riunpn'sog mi mjemso 1;. .c V i it i GYIQ ND KHE DFQR I TERNAL ooit zns'rron Original applicationfiled August so, 1927, Serial to. 216,362., .latelit No. 1,726,217, .datedhug'ustfll i,1929; i j

Divided and this application fildillltay1 1928.' s mi No. 2755581 This application a division of my c0- pending application now patent entitled Exhaust 1 valve" cooling system for internal combustion engines, No."1,726,217,fissued The invention relates" to internal combustion engines and particularly pertains toa cylinder head construction for radial type motors v IR It is the principalobjectof the present ini vention to increase the efiiciency of internal combustion motors of the type referredto by providing a ;cylinder head construction "wherein an exchange "of heat between theiex- 'haust valve and the combustible-mixture drawn inn the intake chamber will be effected to pre-heat the combustible mixtures deivered to the cylinder and to assist in maintaining the iexhaust valve cooled. a

- In carrying out theinvention into pracg' tice I provide a cylinder head for an internal -combustion motor wherein the exhaust valve stem extend's through the intake chambei'fso i i "that the-.mixture'ldrawn in from theintake manifoldwillfpassaround the valve stem overheated surfaces of the intake chamber,

resulting in an exchange of heat. This eX- change of heat 'pre-heatsthe indrawngases and assists in maintaining the exhaust valve stem cooled. T 1 1 One, form which the inventionmay assume '-is exemplified in the following description and illustratedby way ofexample in the accompanyingdrawings, in-which;

Fig.1 is a central-vertical section; through form of my invention. i v 2; is a: view iii-section taken on line II-IIofFig.

Referringv more particularly to the accoman internal combustion motor. The embodiment of the invention shown inthe'; accom- 1 panying drawings is for radial motors where-V central point. In this typeof engine each a manifold o .i-z :Inthe present'ins tance the w mat.

quickly removed forthe purpose'of making 7 o 2 k 0 '=-Reference being had-to'j'Fig. '1, it willgbe seen that'at its bottom thecylinder head :14-

' A' central wall'23; separatesi'the'i :ber from the exhaust chamber. *It'willglbe noted that this central 'wa'll x23commences'85 from the center! of the cylinder head at 1 the j in the cylinders are arranged singly about a V cated by the the numeral 1O isillustrated I as having a surrounding flange 12 at its end;

A cylinderhead 14 is formedwitha fiangeil5 complementary to the flange 12'so that the I *j cylinder head may be securelybolted or oth- V erwise secured to' the cylinder'lO. TIhis'maiiner ofv. connecting therc'ylinder head to the cylinder permits the head tofbe easily and adjustments or-repairs.

isoformed with a concavedwall 16 which actss to enclose the 1 end of the cylinder when the I head is fitted thereto 'Thisformationf'of 'thef65 Y bottom wall l6of theicylinderhead 'formsia 1 I conical shaped combustion chamber "within reaches the outerlen'd of itsxstrokex he cylinder when the piston in the cylinder 1 11 Formed inthe wall 160i thezcylinder head 1 v "is an-exhaust port 17 'andan intake port*18. v rThese gportsare located-upon oppositei'sides of the c'enterof the cylinder and are each su f rounded by a conventional form of-valve seat. Cooperating wlth thesejvalve seats atlthe' 'exhaust and intake ports are an exhaust'fvalve e,

19 and, an intake va'lve 20, .i a I Communicatingv with the exhaust port an exhaust chamber 21 andcommuni'cating i I with theinta'ke port 18 is an intake chamber to". T I 22.; Both'of these chambers are {disposedat an angle to the central axis of "the cylinder.

wall 16 'a'nd extendsat an angle to the axis tim cylinder 0' "that the-intake chamber -22 a, -wil1'0verlie"the eXhaus't'chamberand-theex- 1 j 0 haust'port 17 f The other' wallof the intake chamber or that indicated by numeralfi l' is upper end the intake chamber'i's formed with a tubular section 25 'which is formed with .a f

'Arrangedl'contiguous totheeXhaustichaniber 213s an o en ended barrel '2l'a an'dj a Venturfitube-Qlb which extends coakially within the barrel 214a "Theilatter is in communica-Flno ntake chamf tion through a port 210 with the exhaust chamber 21. The larger end of the Venturi tube 21?) extends forwardly of the engine so that when the motor is in operation, driving a plane, a considerable draft of air will be forced through the Venturi tube, creating a suction in the exhaust chamber 21 and through the exhaust valve 19. This acts to cool the exhaust valve and scavenge the exhaust chamber as described and claimed in my co-pending application hereinbefore referred to and of which this application is a division.

Reference being had to Fig. 1 it will be seen that the wall 23 dividing the intake chamber 22 from the exhaust chamber 21 and the outer wall 24 are formed with aligned valve guides 27 and 28in which the valve stem 29. of the exhaust valve 19 reciprocates. The outer end of the valve stem 29 of the exhaust valve is fitted with the usual retaining cup 30 between which and the. wall 24- a valve spring 31 is interposed.

To guide the intake valve, a valve guide 32 is formed on the wall 24 and through which the stem. of the intake valve is guided. The intake valve is also fitted with the usual retainer cup 33 and valve spring 34.

It should be stated that as the means for operating the valves forms no part of the present invention, it is not here shown it being suflicient to state that these valves are op erated in synchronism with the piston as in the ordinary type of four cycle engine.

The intake and exhaust valves 19. and 20 arearranged at opposite angles relative to the central axis of the cylinder. The stem 29 of the exhaust valve 19 projects through the intake chamber 22 'at-the center of the tubular portion 25 of the intake chamber so that any gases drawn in from the intake manifold must pass around the exhaust valve stem be for passing to the intake port 18.

When the motor is on the suction stroke with the intake valve open, a partial vacuum is created in the'intake chamber 22 and cool gases aredrawninto the intake chamber from the intake manifold and carburetor. These gases when passing into the intake chamber 22will pass around the exhaust valve stem 29 and an exchange of heat will be effected. The exhaust valve stem being very hot when the engine. is in operation will transfer some of its heat to the incoming cool gases and thereby he maintained cool while the combustible gases entering the chamber 22 will be preheated so that a higher efficiencyin the motor will be obtained. 7

I find in actual practice that a certain amount of: fuel condensate will find its way into thevalve guide 28 and keep the same and the valve stem free'from carbon.

The gases will also beheated by passing over the lower portion ofthe wa11 23 and cool-' chamber 22 from the lower portion of the wall 23. It will be seen that heat will be conducted from the wall 16 tothe wall 23 and thence to the fins 35. This heat will be dissipated to a certain extent by the incoming cool gases which acts both to heat the gases to more thoroughly vaporize them, and also to aid in maintaining the cylinder head cool.

The cooling eifectsresulting from the con struction ust described will be of great bene fit in the operation of the exhaust valve as the latter will be maintained at an even cool tem perature and will be prevented from sticking in its guide and from warping due to being overheated.

In operation of the device the cylinder head is constructed as previously described and fitted to the end of the cylinder. The intake chamber 22 is then connected with the intake manifold and valve operating mechanism is operatively associated with the intake and exhaust valves so as to operate them in synchronism with the strokes of the piston. hen the motor is placed in operation, the cool incoming gases will pass around the exhaust valve stem 29 and over-the fins 35 and will be injected into the cylinder in a preheated condition which makes for perfect combustion. An exchange of heat will be effected. during the passage of gases into the cylinder which will cool the exhaust valve stem and cylinder head walls. It should be pointed out here that it will be impossible under the present arrangement for raw fuel to enter the cylinder due to the fact that the fuel. must pass over several healtedsurfaces before gaining entrance to the cylinder through the intake port.

I also desire to point out that the exchange of heat between the exhaust valve stem and the incoming cool gases will aid in maintain.- ing the exhaust valve stem cool so that it will not stick or warp due'to excessive heat. Likewise, some of the condensate impinging on the valve stem will find its way into the valve guides 27 and 28 and prevent the deposit of carbon, which causes the valve stem to stick. In actual practice I have found that by such an arrangement, an exhaust valve stem after considerable use will be entirely free from carbonaceous deposits and will reciprocate freely in its guides.

I also desire to point out that due to its simple construction the cylinder head here disclosed may be expeditiously removed so that adjustment and repairs may be made to the valves and valve seats enabling the ordinary aviator to correct any faulty valve action.

From the foregoing it is obvious that I have. provided a cylinder head construction for aeroplane engines wherein the combustible mixtures will'be thoroughly heated prior to their entrance to the combustion chamber. Also I have so arrangedand constructed the I claim and desire to secureby -Letters'Pat- Y elements of the head that the exhaust valve r will be maintained cool so as to eliminate any possibility of its warpin or sticking; dueto v I urther, I have prov vided'means, while aiding andimaintaining V becoming overheated.

the exhaust cool, to aid in completely scavenging the combustion chamber onthe exhaust strokeof the motor. a

While I have shown the preferred form of my invention, it is to be understood that various changes may be'made in its construction by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention as defined in the appended claim; 7

Having thus described my invention, what ent is: r Y I In a cylinder head for the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, said cylinder head having an intake and exhaust port,an intake "andan exhaust chamber communicating reexposed in the latter in the path of fuel entering the intake chamber, whereby fuel con- Y ciprocation of thestem, and fins projecting spectively with said ports, the intake chamber havlng a portion overlying the exhaust port and chamber, a heat radiating wall separating the intake chamber from the exhaust. I chamber, an intake valve controlling the intake port, an exhaust valve" controlling the exhaust port, a valve stem guide, formed in the wall separating theintake chamber from the exhaust chamber, the stemof said exhaust valve extending through said guide and through said intake chamber and being densate accumulating onthe exposed portion of the stem may enter the guide upon rewithin the intake chamber from the wall separating the intake chamber from the exhaust chamber.

RALPH. FRIEDL. T 

